Chapter 17 Documents

The innovations of the Industrial revolutions were definitely positive in the long run but there were some negatives. For example, the skilled artisans had new positions in the factory. They were separated and had to work on the object at individual stations. They did not see the completion of the product. They also were unsure of their income ever time they worked. They knew it wasn't a lot but they weren't sure when it would be even less. Elizabeth Bentley was interviewed and gave testimony regarding the harsh conditions, hours, and punishments the workers received. A Weaver's Lament was a document about workers who were unemployed singing a song about how there talents were not recognized and were denied by the Industrial Revolution. Samuel Smiles reflects the middle class during the Industrial Revolution in "Thrift". Stating England is one of the riches countries but even the most skilled workman was no bette than an animal. The arts were benefitted and creative during the Industrial Rvolution. They were easily relatable too because some paintings and artwork would feature their reaction to the growth of innovation. Some positive some featuring devastated reactions. The railroad was the strongest image during the IR. It showed wonder, power, and speed.
Below is a painting of a railroad during the Industrial Revolution.

Chapter 17

The Industrial Revolution started in 1750. In many countries, fuel was becoming more and more scarce. It wasn't reliable enough and it was not sustainable. Humans responded with renewable energy sources such as wood, wind, water and human power. These made energy last longer and it was more efficient. It gave machines used to make textiles power and it increased the productivity. The trade was greatly effected as well. Britain Revolution was encouraged to go commercial and had lots of potential to innovate. Britain had policies of religious tolerance, which meant that regardless of the persons faith, they could live under British rule and use their skills. Even though it was a pivotal time in history, there were negatives to it as well. It affected people emotional because of the old ways that they had to let go of. They had to start fresh with many things and learn from square 1. The middle class were the ones who benefitted the most from the Industrial Revolution. Most middle class were liberals which meant they liked private property, free trade, and reform in limits. In the upper middle class, there were mostly wealthy people who owned mines, bankers, or factory owners. Women stayed home overlooking the house while the men worked. The men were known as the "provider"

Chapter 16 pg 798-811

Between 1780 and 1890, the perspectives of humans dramatically changed. Slavery was abolished with the help of enlightened thinkers that focused on the morals of people. Also protestors helped. It was viewed as out of date because of the new thinking and innovations of technology. Secular, religious, economic, and political thinking all contributed to the ending of slavery. Although they were freed people, they unfortunately were still not looked at as equal among white farmers, miners, planters etc. In America, there were segregation laws that were put into effect. European thinkers also introduced feminist thought and questioned why women were looked at as inferior to men. These ethics were questioned and women took a stand. They met in conferences and discussed ideas for equality. It became a transatlantic movement in Europe and America.

Chapter 16 Revolutions

The Atlantic revolutions affected many countries. It spread ideas of religious tolerance, equality and liberty to name a few. People realized that these things could be achieved if everyone realized they could make a difference. Nationalism was discovered during the Atlantic revolutions. This ideology was used heavily in the coming centuries. Also Equality was focused on which opened the door for feminism, socialism and communism. The North American Revolution took place between 1775-1787. The US was under British rule during this time. They tried to gain independence from British Rule and eventually succeeded. A new US Constitution was finally put into practice and shaped ideas of societies for years and years after. There was also the French, Haitian and Spanish American Revolutions that changed the way they thought and practiced political matters and lived.

Ch 15 pg 740-752

There were people who were against the spreading of religion throughout Europe started the Scientific Revolution. Ideas that were taught shaped mankind as it grew all throughout Europe. The genesis of the Scientific Revolution is credited to Islam and Greek philosophy for their newly found ideologies. They became aware of new lands, people, plants, animals, and religions from all around the world. The person who really started the revolution was Nicolaus Copernicus. He gave the thought that the sun was in the middle of all things and everything revolved around the sun. There were many to follow in his footsteps such as Galileo, Descartes and Isaac Newton, just to name a few. The church didn't deny some of the findings of these men and they didn't reject the church either. They were very biblical men.

Chapter 15 pg. 719-739

Chapter 15
Mitchell Fulfer

During the beginning of the modern era, religion and science was spread throughout the world. While religion focuses on faith, science focuses on rational thoughts. People used both ways to answer questions they have about the world. They answer the questions differently though. Science seeks answers in a rational way. Religion seeks answers in a spiritual way or ethics. Even though Christianity is mainly middle eastern in it's origins, only Europe was fans of it. The foundation of Western European civilization was torn apart by the Protestant Reformation. It was led by Martin Luther. He came up with the 95 theses which offered debatable abuses in the Catholic church. This was very influential in the Lutheran church, creating the religion. The protestant breakaway happened when catholics started to reintroduce their original doctrines. Catholic missionaries spread Christianity all over the world after this.  These missionaries were the most successful in the Philippines and Spanish America.