Chapter 19 and Chapter 19 Documents

Chapter 19
Although China attempted to match agricultural and industrial revolutions like the Americas or Europe, they fell short. There were too many people in China and they couldn't produce enough. Especially overseas. Their internal expansion and their western expansion fell short of the wealth and success of Europe's overseas empires. Starvation, lack of crops, and overpopulation all contributed to the growing pressure taking place. All of these factors led to violent rebellions and gangs. This led to the Taiping Uprising. They rejected all of the traditional ideologies such as Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. They spread their own custom and unique form of Christianity. I believe this is taken from the influence of Europe. Because Asia would not have heard of Christian ideology if it weren't from the Europeans.  One thing that stood out about this revolution was the gender roles were different then most. Women in the Taiping uprising fought with soldiers. Also they rejected the traditional Asian ideology of foot binding. Also women who were under the uprising and previously had been foot binding were required to stop. This short lived period unfortunately was not strictly monitored and they had ambivalence toward the equality of women. Taiping power swept out southern China in 1853 and set up their capital in Nanjing. China's evolving relaionship with Europe was most drastically changed during a time period called the Opium Wars. Countries became familiar with opium and it's powerful effects. People in China claim is was "fit for Buddha." China then consistently imported many smuggled chests of opium in 1773. Chinese law became aware of this growing problem and tried to crack down on it. They were mostly bribed and stilled smuggled into the country. Britain then tried to exterminate these laws so they could profit from the export of opium. This is what is known as the opium war.

Chapter 19 Documents
Kang Youwei was a confucian scholar that described what China needed in "Memorial to Emperor Guangxu. He talked about even though the Chinese empires are evolving, for the leaders to consistenly read confucion writings.
Also the documents describe educational reform in a mainly Confucious teaching environment. Gender reform and revolution focused on documents written by women and how women should be treated.

Chapter 18 and Chapter 18 Documents

Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 
Europe's expansions covered incredible amounts of countries. This can be credited tot heir massive industrial revolution. This also called for many raw materials and crops. Rubber, Cocoa, Palm Oil, Tea and gold/silver are a few examples (Strayer 880). Europe made more money investing overseas than in it's homeland. 60 percent of it's cotton cloth was being exported. There was a new type of racism seen by Europeans of Asian and African people. They started using more of prestige and apparatus to judge the opposite culture and race. This racism influenced how Europe expanded across the globe. Started in 1750, Europe conquered more in the Eastern Hemisphere rather than the Western Hemisphere. Germany, Italy, Belgium, USA, and Japan were all being invaded by Europe. They focused on more economic control rather than warfare domination. They still had warfare but it was minimal. Though some societies didn't cooperate under foreign rule, some people did and they served in the military. There were numerous rebellions both small and large. In the cultivation of products there was a lot of abuse to the workers. This prompted a massive rebellion in Mozambique in 1905 persuaded the Germans to end the cultivation of Cotton. Many families needed more income to support there families so they migrated for work. This spread millions of families across Asia and Africa and sometimes overseas. The cultural change was huge in the Colonial era. It changed the way people in these societies viewed everyday things in their community and also themselves. Education and  religion were effected greatly during this time. Europeans sent many missionaries all throughout the conquered lands to spread Christianity.

Chapter 18 Documents 
The first image was a board game made in the late 19th century. It depicts Africa and the trail through which missionaries go across Africa. The colors are very vivid, reds, blues, yellow and greens.

The Second image is the cover of a french publication. It is a portrait of the commander of the french expedition, Jean-Baptiste Marchand. He became famous because leading his troops across Africa for 18 months.

The third image is a cartoon that shows Cecil Rhodes, a British business man and politician who made his wealth from South African Diamonds, with one foot in Egypt and one foot in South Africa. It also looks like he is holding cables, sort of like he is in control of these countries. (Left)
  "From the Cape to Cairo"
The fourth image shows a British soldier and a French soldiers making a toast with chaos all around them. It is an allusion back to several quarrels the two countries had causing damage to each other.

The fifth and final image is by an unknown Ethiopian artist. It shows the Ethiopian army battling Italy.