Chapter 19 and Chapter 19 Documents

Chapter 19
Although China attempted to match agricultural and industrial revolutions like the Americas or Europe, they fell short. There were too many people in China and they couldn't produce enough. Especially overseas. Their internal expansion and their western expansion fell short of the wealth and success of Europe's overseas empires. Starvation, lack of crops, and overpopulation all contributed to the growing pressure taking place. All of these factors led to violent rebellions and gangs. This led to the Taiping Uprising. They rejected all of the traditional ideologies such as Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. They spread their own custom and unique form of Christianity. I believe this is taken from the influence of Europe. Because Asia would not have heard of Christian ideology if it weren't from the Europeans.  One thing that stood out about this revolution was the gender roles were different then most. Women in the Taiping uprising fought with soldiers. Also they rejected the traditional Asian ideology of foot binding. Also women who were under the uprising and previously had been foot binding were required to stop. This short lived period unfortunately was not strictly monitored and they had ambivalence toward the equality of women. Taiping power swept out southern China in 1853 and set up their capital in Nanjing. China's evolving relaionship with Europe was most drastically changed during a time period called the Opium Wars. Countries became familiar with opium and it's powerful effects. People in China claim is was "fit for Buddha." China then consistently imported many smuggled chests of opium in 1773. Chinese law became aware of this growing problem and tried to crack down on it. They were mostly bribed and stilled smuggled into the country. Britain then tried to exterminate these laws so they could profit from the export of opium. This is what is known as the opium war.

Chapter 19 Documents
Kang Youwei was a confucian scholar that described what China needed in "Memorial to Emperor Guangxu. He talked about even though the Chinese empires are evolving, for the leaders to consistenly read confucion writings.
Also the documents describe educational reform in a mainly Confucious teaching environment. Gender reform and revolution focused on documents written by women and how women should be treated.

Chapter 18 and Chapter 18 Documents

Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 
Europe's expansions covered incredible amounts of countries. This can be credited tot heir massive industrial revolution. This also called for many raw materials and crops. Rubber, Cocoa, Palm Oil, Tea and gold/silver are a few examples (Strayer 880). Europe made more money investing overseas than in it's homeland. 60 percent of it's cotton cloth was being exported. There was a new type of racism seen by Europeans of Asian and African people. They started using more of prestige and apparatus to judge the opposite culture and race. This racism influenced how Europe expanded across the globe. Started in 1750, Europe conquered more in the Eastern Hemisphere rather than the Western Hemisphere. Germany, Italy, Belgium, USA, and Japan were all being invaded by Europe. They focused on more economic control rather than warfare domination. They still had warfare but it was minimal. Though some societies didn't cooperate under foreign rule, some people did and they served in the military. There were numerous rebellions both small and large. In the cultivation of products there was a lot of abuse to the workers. This prompted a massive rebellion in Mozambique in 1905 persuaded the Germans to end the cultivation of Cotton. Many families needed more income to support there families so they migrated for work. This spread millions of families across Asia and Africa and sometimes overseas. The cultural change was huge in the Colonial era. It changed the way people in these societies viewed everyday things in their community and also themselves. Education and  religion were effected greatly during this time. Europeans sent many missionaries all throughout the conquered lands to spread Christianity.

Chapter 18 Documents 
The first image was a board game made in the late 19th century. It depicts Africa and the trail through which missionaries go across Africa. The colors are very vivid, reds, blues, yellow and greens.

The Second image is the cover of a french publication. It is a portrait of the commander of the french expedition, Jean-Baptiste Marchand. He became famous because leading his troops across Africa for 18 months.

The third image is a cartoon that shows Cecil Rhodes, a British business man and politician who made his wealth from South African Diamonds, with one foot in Egypt and one foot in South Africa. It also looks like he is holding cables, sort of like he is in control of these countries. (Left)
  "From the Cape to Cairo"
The fourth image shows a British soldier and a French soldiers making a toast with chaos all around them. It is an allusion back to several quarrels the two countries had causing damage to each other.

The fifth and final image is by an unknown Ethiopian artist. It shows the Ethiopian army battling Italy.

Chapter 17 Documents

The innovations of the Industrial revolutions were definitely positive in the long run but there were some negatives. For example, the skilled artisans had new positions in the factory. They were separated and had to work on the object at individual stations. They did not see the completion of the product. They also were unsure of their income ever time they worked. They knew it wasn't a lot but they weren't sure when it would be even less. Elizabeth Bentley was interviewed and gave testimony regarding the harsh conditions, hours, and punishments the workers received. A Weaver's Lament was a document about workers who were unemployed singing a song about how there talents were not recognized and were denied by the Industrial Revolution. Samuel Smiles reflects the middle class during the Industrial Revolution in "Thrift". Stating England is one of the riches countries but even the most skilled workman was no bette than an animal. The arts were benefitted and creative during the Industrial Rvolution. They were easily relatable too because some paintings and artwork would feature their reaction to the growth of innovation. Some positive some featuring devastated reactions. The railroad was the strongest image during the IR. It showed wonder, power, and speed.
Below is a painting of a railroad during the Industrial Revolution.

Chapter 17

The Industrial Revolution started in 1750. In many countries, fuel was becoming more and more scarce. It wasn't reliable enough and it was not sustainable. Humans responded with renewable energy sources such as wood, wind, water and human power. These made energy last longer and it was more efficient. It gave machines used to make textiles power and it increased the productivity. The trade was greatly effected as well. Britain Revolution was encouraged to go commercial and had lots of potential to innovate. Britain had policies of religious tolerance, which meant that regardless of the persons faith, they could live under British rule and use their skills. Even though it was a pivotal time in history, there were negatives to it as well. It affected people emotional because of the old ways that they had to let go of. They had to start fresh with many things and learn from square 1. The middle class were the ones who benefitted the most from the Industrial Revolution. Most middle class were liberals which meant they liked private property, free trade, and reform in limits. In the upper middle class, there were mostly wealthy people who owned mines, bankers, or factory owners. Women stayed home overlooking the house while the men worked. The men were known as the "provider"

Chapter 16 pg 798-811

Between 1780 and 1890, the perspectives of humans dramatically changed. Slavery was abolished with the help of enlightened thinkers that focused on the morals of people. Also protestors helped. It was viewed as out of date because of the new thinking and innovations of technology. Secular, religious, economic, and political thinking all contributed to the ending of slavery. Although they were freed people, they unfortunately were still not looked at as equal among white farmers, miners, planters etc. In America, there were segregation laws that were put into effect. European thinkers also introduced feminist thought and questioned why women were looked at as inferior to men. These ethics were questioned and women took a stand. They met in conferences and discussed ideas for equality. It became a transatlantic movement in Europe and America.

Chapter 16 Revolutions

The Atlantic revolutions affected many countries. It spread ideas of religious tolerance, equality and liberty to name a few. People realized that these things could be achieved if everyone realized they could make a difference. Nationalism was discovered during the Atlantic revolutions. This ideology was used heavily in the coming centuries. Also Equality was focused on which opened the door for feminism, socialism and communism. The North American Revolution took place between 1775-1787. The US was under British rule during this time. They tried to gain independence from British Rule and eventually succeeded. A new US Constitution was finally put into practice and shaped ideas of societies for years and years after. There was also the French, Haitian and Spanish American Revolutions that changed the way they thought and practiced political matters and lived.

Ch 15 pg 740-752

There were people who were against the spreading of religion throughout Europe started the Scientific Revolution. Ideas that were taught shaped mankind as it grew all throughout Europe. The genesis of the Scientific Revolution is credited to Islam and Greek philosophy for their newly found ideologies. They became aware of new lands, people, plants, animals, and religions from all around the world. The person who really started the revolution was Nicolaus Copernicus. He gave the thought that the sun was in the middle of all things and everything revolved around the sun. There were many to follow in his footsteps such as Galileo, Descartes and Isaac Newton, just to name a few. The church didn't deny some of the findings of these men and they didn't reject the church either. They were very biblical men.